Orthosis is an external support device that is used for limbs and trunk to improve the dysfunction of human nervous, muscular and skeletal systems and conforms to the principles of biomechanics. Orthosis is divided into lower limb orthosis, upper limb orthosis and trunk orthosis according to the installation position. According to the statistics of installed quantity, lower limb orthoses account for 80% of the total orthoses. The function and specific classification of lower limb orthoses are introduced below.
Limit abnormal joint activity, improve limb function, use traction device to reduce nerve compression and relieve muscle spasm.
Basic functions of lower limb orthosis:
1. Protection: It can fix the diseased spine and limb joints, prevent contracture, relieve spasm and relieve pain.
2. Free of load: it can relieve the weight of the limbs and promote the regression of inflammation, pathological changes or fracture healing.
3. Correction: correction or prevention of deformity
4. Compensation: compensation for the loss of limb function.
Lower limb orthoses are divided into 6 types according to the installation position
1. Foot orthosis
2. Ankle-foot orthosis
3. Knee ankle foot orthosis
4. Hip knee ankle foot orthosis
5. Hip and knee orthosis
6. Knee orthosis
Explain the function and use of each lower limb orthosis:
1. Foot orthosis
Symptoms: The load capacity of each part of the sole of the foot is out of proportion to the actual load. For a long time, the physiological structure of the foot will change, causing disease and pain. For example, flatfoot, heel spur, transverse arch collapse, diabetes foot, hallux valgus, high arch foot, conical toe, etc.
effect:
(1) Supporting arch of foot
(2) Prevention and correction of foot deformity
(3) Balance the pressure distribution of the sole
(4) Reduce the load of the front foot
2. Ankle-foot orthosis
Symptoms: foot droop, foot valgus, foot varus, horseshoe foot, etc. caused by various neurological diseases
effect:
(1) Limit foot droop and stabilize the upper talar joint
(2) Correction of foot varus and stabilization of subtalar joint
(3) Enhance the weight bearing ability, assist in standing, and enhance the stability of standing
(4) Free the distal tibia and foot from load
(5) Improve gait and affect the stress state of knee joint during walking
3. Knee ankle foot orthosis
Symptoms: lower limb paralysis, fracture, "O" leg, "X" leg caused by various neurological, muscular and metabolic diseases
effect:
(1) Provide stability of standing and walking of lower limbs, stabilize knee joint and limit abnormal movement of knee joint
(2) Stable fracture of upper and middle tibia
(3) Correct the abnormal force line of the lower limb, and correct the "O" leg and "X" leg
4. Hip knee ankle foot orthosis
Symptoms: paralysis and fracture of lower limbs caused by various neurological, muscular and metabolic diseases
effect:
(1) Provide the stability of standing and walking of lower limbs, stabilize the hip and knee joints, and limit the movement of the hip, knee and knee joints
(2) Stabilize the fracture of the middle femur, femoral head and femoral neck
(3) Correction of abnormal force line of lower limb
5. Hip and knee orthosis
Symptoms: fracture of middle femur, after hip replacement, etc
effect:
(1) Stabilize the fracture of the middle femur, femoral head and femoral neck
(2) Maintain the hip joint angle after hip replacement and fix the hip joint
6. Knee orthosis
Symptoms: meniscus injury of knee joint, ligament tear, after minimally invasive surgery, and after knee replacement
effect:
(1) Stabilize the knee joint and limit the knee joint angle
(2) Fix the knee joint and reduce the partial load of the knee joint. Types and functions of lower limb orthoses